Smash the 2026 CAIA Exam – Invest in Success with This Ultimate Practice Test!

A mortgage is specifically defined as a loan that is secured by real estate. This means that the property being financed with the mortgage serves as collateral for the loan. In the event that the borrower defaults on the loan, the lender has the right to take possession of the property through a legal process called foreclosure. This structure provides security for the lender, as they have a tangible asset backing the loan. Mortgages typically involve long-term repayment plans and are commonly used for purchasing residential or commercial real estate.

The other options do not accurately represent the definition of a mortgage. For instance, a loan made to individuals with bad credit could involve a variety of terms and does not inherently signify that it is linked to real estate. An investment in commercial properties pertains more to the ownership of such properties rather than the financing aspect provided by a mortgage. Lastly, a personal loan without collateral is unrelated to real estate and does not involve the specific legal and financial structures that characterize a mortgage.